Born around 470 BC in Athens, he is renowned for his contributions to ethics and epistemology, as well as for his unique method of inquiry known as the Socratic Method. This approach involves asking a series of questions to stimulate critical thinking and to illuminate ideas, often revealing contradictions in the beliefs held by interlocutors. Socrates did not write any texts himself; rather, his thoughts and dialogues were documented by his students, most notably Plato.

His commitment to seeking truth and exploring moral questions through reasoned debate has cemented his legacy, influencing countless generations of philosophers, educators, and thinkers. The trial and subsequent execution of Socrates in 399 BC, which he faced for allegedly corrupting the youth of Athens and impiety, remain pivotal events that underscore his dedication to his principles and his unwavering pursuit of knowledge.