Born around 145 BCE, he served as the Grand Historian (Shiji), a title reflecting his paramount role in documenting China’s past. His seminal work, the "Records of the Grand Historian," is a comprehensive account of over two thousand years of Chinese history, spanning from the legendary Yellow Emperor to his contemporary times.

Sima's approach to history was notable for its narrative style and critical examination of sources, establishing a method that would influence generations of historians. His commitment to documenting events with a focus on moral lessons is evident throughout his writings, which encapsulate intricate tales of governance, culture, and philosophy. Despite facing personal challenges, including castration due to political intrigue, Sima remained steadfast in his pursuit of historical truth, leaving an indelible mark on Chinese literature and historiography. His legacy endures, shaping not only historical scholarship but also the understanding of Chinese identity and culture.