Chinese, 500bc-0bc, Attitude, Discipline Craig Haslam Chinese, 500bc-0bc, Attitude, Discipline Craig Haslam

The petty man is eager to make boasts, yet desires that others should believe in him. He enthusiastically engages in deception, yet wants others to have affection for him. He conducts himself like an animal, yet wants others to think well of him.

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Xunzi

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Chinese, 500bc-0bc, Politics, Society Craig Haslam Chinese, 500bc-0bc, Politics, Society Craig Haslam

If we should classify one by one all those who hate others and injure others, should we find them to be universal in love or partial? Of course we should say they are partial. Now, since partiality against one another is the cause of the major calamities in the empire, then partiality is wrong.

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Mo Zi

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Chinese, 500bc-0bc, Politics, Society Craig Haslam Chinese, 500bc-0bc, Politics, Society Craig Haslam

When nobody in the world loves any other, naturally the strong will overpower the weak, the many will oppress the few, the wealthy will mock the poor, the honoured will disdain the humble, the cunning will deceive the simple. Therefore all the calamities, strifes, complaints, and hatred in the world have arisen out of want of mutual love. Therefore the benevolent disapproved of this want.

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Mo Zi

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Chinese, 500bc-0bc, Politics Craig Haslam Chinese, 500bc-0bc, Politics Craig Haslam

The murder of one person is called unrighteous and incurs one death penalty. Following this argument, the murder of ten persons will be ten times as unrighteous and there should be ten death penalties; the murder of a hundred persons will be a hundred times as unrighteous and there should be a hundred death penalties. All the gentlemen of the world know that they should condemn these things, calling them unrighteous. But when it comes to the great unrighteousness of attacking states, they do not know that they should condemn it. On the contrary, they applaud it, calling it righteous.

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Mo Zi

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Chinese, 500bc-0bc, Politics, Love Craig Haslam Chinese, 500bc-0bc, Politics, Love Craig Haslam

If the rulers sincerely desire the empire to be wealthy and dislike to have it poor, desire to have it orderly and dislike to have it chaotic, they should bring about universal love and mutual aid. This is the way of the sage-kings and the way to order for the world, and it should not be neglected.

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Mo Zi

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Chinese, 500bc-0bc, Politics, Love Craig Haslam Chinese, 500bc-0bc, Politics, Love Craig Haslam

When we try to develop and procure benefits for the world with universal love as our standard, then attentive ears and keen eyes will respond in service to one another, then limbs will be strengthened to work for one another, and those who know the Tao will untiringly instruct others. Thus the old and those who have neither wife nor children will have the support and supply to spend their old age with, and the young and weak and orphans will have the care and admonition to grow up in. When universal love is adopted as the standard, then such are the consequent benefits. It is incomprehensible, then, why people should object to universal love when they hear it.

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Mo Zi

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