Best known for his seminal work, "The Spirit of the Laws," Montesquieu introduced the concept of the separation of powers, a principle that underpins many contemporary democratic systems.

By analysing different forms of government and their effects on society, he sought to uncover the underlying principles guiding political institutions. His exploration of liberty, governance, and human behaviour set the foundation for later democratic theorists and played a crucial role in the development of political science as a discipline. Montesquieu's insights remain relevant today, inspiring ongoing discussions about justice, freedom, and the structure of government.