Born around the 5th century BCE in what is now Nepal, he was a prince who renounced his privileged life in search of enlightenment after witnessing the realities of suffering, old age, and death. His spiritual journey led him to meditative practices and ultimately a profound realisation of the nature of existence. Through years of contemplation, he attained enlightenment under the Bodhi tree, forming the foundation of Buddhist teachings, which emphasise the path to liberation from suffering through ethical conduct, mental discipline, and wisdom.